Horror movies utilize a variety of technical elements in order to frighten to the audience. Almost all horror films use jump scares to startle the audience. This method is when a sudden frame of something accompanied with a loud sound pops up on the screen to startle the viewer. This sometimes corny but classic element has been used in almost all movies in the genre. Underexposure its used a lot within the horror genre, which is essentially altering the lighting so its much darker. This allows directors to play with the scene as darkness alone scares many people.
Example of underexposure from Paranormal Activity
Many horror movies take advantage of mirrors and reflections in production. According to vocalmedia.com, "mirrors tend to be the illustration of wrongness, the duality of reality in this case, bridging the gap between the world of fear and the world of normalcy". Mirrors can be a good transition into a jump scare as well. Subliminal imagery and messages is a big part of the horror genre. Many movies such as The Exorcist used subliminal messaging to scare viewers and add a bit more to the film overall.
Sources:
https://vocal.media/horror/techniques-horror-movies-use-to-scare-you
https://www.grunge.com/86520/bizarre-subliminal-messages-hidden-movies/
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